Monday, March 30, 2009

Technologies in AppScale

http://incubator.apache.org/thrift/

Thrift is a software framework for scalable cross-language services development. It combines a software stack with a code generation engine to build services that work efficiently and seamlessly between C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, Smalltalk, and OCaml.

Originally developed at Facebook, Thrift was open sourced in April 2007 and entered the Apache Incubator in May, 2008.

http://www.xen.org/


What is Xen?

The Xen® hypervisor, the powerful open source industry standard for virtualization, offers a powerful, efficient, and secure feature set for virtualization of x86, x86_64, IA64, PowerPC, and other CPU architectures. It supports a wide range of guest operating systems including Windows®, Linux®, Solaris®, and various versions of the BSD operating systems. (more)

Xen.org releases Xen 3.3 - "The Xen.org community has made security and performance key criteria for the evolution of Xen," said Zeus Kerravala, SVP, Enterprise Research, Yankee Group. "This has been a successful strategy, according to recent Yankee Group survey data showing Xen's rapid growth."

"I think Xen is a great product. It is easy to use. But most importantly is the very active community around it...", Werner Vogels,CTO Amazon.com from his video interview on Virtualization.com

SWIG

SWIG is a software development tool that connects programs written in C and C++ with a variety of high-level programming languages. SWIG is used with different types of languages including common scripting languages such as Perl, PHP, Python, Tcl and Ruby. The list ofsupported languages also includes non-scripting languages such as C#, Common Lisp (CLISP, Allegro CL, CFFI, UFFI), Java, Lua, Modula-3, OCAML, Octave and R. Also several interpreted and compiled Scheme implementations (Guile, MzScheme, Chicken) are supported. SWIG is most commonly used to create high-level interpreted or compiled programming environments, user interfaces, and as a tool for testing and prototyping C/C++ software. SWIG can also export its parse tree in the form of XML and Lisp s-expressions. SWIG may be freely used, distributed, and modified for commercial and non-commercial use.

Hbase

hbase_logo_med.gif

HBase: Bigtable-like structured storage for Hadoop HDFS

Just as Google's [WWW] Bigtable leverages the distributed data storage provided by the [WWW] Google File System, HBase provides Bigtable-like capabilities on top of Hadoop Core. Data is organized into tables, rows and columns. An Iterator-like interface is available for scanning through a row range (and of course there is the ability to retrieve a column value for a specific key). Any particular column may have multiple versions for the same row key.

What Is Hadoop?

The Apache Hadoop project develops open-source software for reliable, scalable, distributed computing, including:

  • Hadoop Core, our flagship sub-project, provides a distributed filesystem (HDFS) and support for the MapReduce distributed computing framework.
  • HBase builds on Hadoop Core to provide a scalable, distributed database.
  • Pig is a high-level data-flow language and execution framework for parallel computation. It is built on top of Hadoop Core.
  • ZooKeeper is a highly available and reliable coordination system. Distributed applications use ZooKeeper to store and mediate updates for critical shared state.
  • Hive is a data warehouse infrastructure built on Hadoop Core that provides data summarization, adhoc querying and analysis of datasets.

Sunday, March 29, 2009

How do I convert between Unix and Windows text files?

How do I convert between Unix and Windows text files?

The format of Windows and Unix text files differs slightly. In Windows, lines end with both the line feed and carriage return ASCII characters, but Unix uses only a line feed. As a consequence, some Windows applications will not show the line breaks in Unix-format files. Likewise, Unix programs may display the carriage returns in Windows text files with Ctrl-m ( ^M ) characters at the end of each line.

There are many ways to solve this problem. This document provides instructions for using FTP, screen capture, unix2dos and dos2unixtrawkPerl, and vi to do the conversion. Before you use these utilities, the files you are converting must first be on a Unix computer.

Note: In the instructions below, replace unixfile.txt with the name of the Unix file you are transferring, and replace winfile.txt with the name of the Windows file you are transferring.

FTP

When using an FTP program to move a text file between Unix and Windows, be sure the file is transferred in ASCII format. This will ensure that the document is transformed into a text format appropriate for the host. Some FTP programs, especially graphical applications like Hummingbird FTP, do this automatically. If you are using FTP from the command line, however, before you begin the file transfer, be sure to enter at the FTP prompt:

ascii

Note: You need to use a client that supports secure FTP to transfer files to and from Indiana University's central systems. For more, see At IU, what SSH/SFTP clients are supported and where can I get them?

Screen capture

You can also convert files from Unix to Windows format when transferring them to a PC with a communications program by selecting ASCII text download. Select this option with your communications program to capture all the text subsequently displayed to your screen, and then enter at the Unix prompt:

cat unixfile.txt

Most communications programs will add carriage returns to the stream of text as they save it to your computer's hard drive. Once the file has finished displaying, abort the text download.

Note: This method may be slow for large text files. Also, no error checking is performed on the file as it is transferred.

dos2unix and unix2dos

On systems using Solaris, the utilities dos2unix and unix2dos are available. These utilities provide a straightforward method for converting files from the Unix command line.

To use either command, simply type the command followed by the name of the file you wish to convert, and the name of a file which will contain the converted results. Thus, to convert a Windows file to a Unix file, at the Unix prompt, enter:

dos2unix winfile.txt unixfile.txt

To convert a Unix file to Windows, enter:

unix2dos unixfile.txt winfile.txt

Note: These utilities are available only on Solaris systems. To determine what variety of Unix is running on your computer, see In Unix, how can I display information about the operating system?

tr

You can use tr to remove all carriage returns and Ctrl-z ( ^Z ) characters from a Windows file by entering:

tr -d '\15\32' <> unixfile.txt

You cannot use tr to convert a document from Unix format to Windows.

awk

To use awk to convert a Windows file to Unix, at the Unix prompt, enter:

awk '{ sub("\r$", ""); print }' winfile.txt > unixfile.txt

To convert a Unix file to Windows using awk, at the command line, enter:

awk 'sub("$", "\r")' unixfile.txt > winfile.txt

On some systems, the version of awk may be old and not include the function sub. If so, try the same command, but with gawk or nawk replacing awk.

Perl

To convert a Windows text file to a Unix text file using Perl, at the Unix shell prompt, enter:

perl -p -e 's/\r$//' <> unixfile.txt

To convert from a Unix text file to a Windows text file with Perl, at the Unix shell prompt, enter:

perl -p -e 's/\n/\r\n/' <> winfile.txt

You must use single quotation marks in either command line. This prevents your shell from trying to evaluate anything inside. Perl is installed on all UITS shared central Unix systems.

vi

In vi, you can remove the carriage return ( ^M ) characters with the following command:

:1,$s/^M//g

Note: To input the ^M character, press Ctrl-v , then press Enter or return.

At Indiana University, to get support for personal or departmental Linux or Unix systems, see At IU, how do I get support for Linux or Unix?

Also see:

This is document acux in domain all.
Last modified on August 22, 2008.

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

ssh without password


  1. ssh-keygen -t rsa
  2. cat id_rsa.pub | ssh root@image4 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

Tuesday, March 24, 2009

To Do List

Application
  • review Classes
  • study Django
  • Algorithms 

AppScale 
  • Multiple Cassandras
  • petlog 
  • study AppEngine SDK 

ETC 
  • install & use Hbase/Hyper Table